Repair and Diagnosis

• Relays and Modules
  • Relays and Modules - Cruise Control
    • Cruise Control Module
  • Relays and Modules - Lighting and Horns
    • Fog/Driving Lamp Relay
    • Headlamp Control Module
    • Horn Relay
    • Trailer Lighting Relay
    • Trailer Lighting Module
  • Relays and Modules - Power and Ground Distribution
    • Power Protection Relay
  • Relays and Modules - Powertrain Management
    • Relays and Modules - Glow Plug System
      • Glow Plug Control Module
      • Glow Plug Relay
  • Relays and Modules - Starting and Charging
    • Starter Relay
  • Relays and Modules - Windows and Glass
    • Heated Glass Element Relay
    • Power Window Relay
  • Relays and Modules - Wiper and Washer Systems
    • Windshield Washer Relay
    • Wiper Control Module
    • Wiper Relay
• Sensors and Switches
  • Sensors and Switches - Body and Frame
    • Power Door Lock Switch
    • Power Mirror Switch
  • Sensors and Switches - Brakes and Traction Control
    • Brake Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch
  • Sensors and Switches - Cooling System
    • Engine - Coolant Temperature Sensor/Switch
      • Radiator Cooling Fan Temperature Sensor / Switch
      • Temperature Sensor (Gauge)
      • Temperature Switch (Warning Indicator)
  • Sensors and Switches - Cruise Control
    • Brake Switch (Cruise Control)
    • Clutch Switch
    • Cruise Control Switch
    • Vehicle Speed Sensor/Transducer - Cruise Control
  • Sensors and Switches - Engine
    • Oil Pressure Sender
  • Sensors and Switches - HVAC
    • Air Conditioning Switch
    • Blower Motor Switch
    • Refrigerant Pressure Sensor / Switch
  • Sensors and Switches - Instrument Panel
    • Door Switch
    • Fuel Gauge Sender
    • Temperature Switch (Warning Indicator)
  • Sensors and Switches - Lighting and Horns
    • Brake Light Switch
    • Door Switch
    • Fog/Driving Lamp Switch
    • Hazard Warning Switch
    • Headlamp Dimmer Switch
    • Headlamp Switch
    • Horn Switch
    • Turn Signal Switch
  • Sensors and Switches - Powertrain Management
    • Sensors and Switches - Computers and Control Systems
      • Engine Speed Sensor
    • Sensors and Switches - Fuel Delivery and Air Induction
      • Fuel Tank Selector Switch
    • Sensors and Switches - Ignition System
      • Ignition Switch
  • Sensors and Switches - Restraints and Safety Systems
    • Seat Belt Buckle Switch
  • Sensors and Switches - Starting and Charging
    • Clutch Switch
    • Ignition Switch
    • Neutral Safety Switch
  • Sensors and Switches - Windows and Glass
    • Power Window Safety Switch
    • Power Window Switch
  • Sensors and Switches - Wiper and Washer Systems
    • Washer Fluid Level Switch
    • Windshield Washer Switch
    • Wiper Switch
• Maintenance
  • Alignment
  • Tune-up and Engine Performance Checks
    • Idle Speed
    • Air Cleaner Housing
      • Air Cleaner Fresh Air Duct/Hose
      • Air Filter Element
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Fuel Filter
    • Firing Order
    • Compression Check
    • Valve Clearance
    • Service Precautions
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Drive Belt
  • Filters
    • Air Cleaner Housing
      • Air Cleaner Fresh Air Duct/Hose
      • Air Filter Element
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Fuel Filter
    • Oil Filter
    • Refrigerant Filter
    • Service Precautions
  • Hoses
    • Hose/Line HVAC
    • Service Precautions
  • Fluids
    • Coolant
    • Fluid - A/T
    • Fluid - M/T
    • Fluid - Differential
    • Fluid - Transfer Case
    • Engine Oil
    • Refrigerant
    • Refrigerant Oil
    • Service Precautions
  • Brake Bleeding
  • Fuses and Circuit Breakers
    • Circuit Breaker
    • Fuse
    • Fuse Block
    • Fusible Link
    • Service Precautions
  • Service Reminder Indicators
    • Maintenance Required Lamp/Indicator
    • Oil Level Warning Indicator
    • Service Precautions
  • Wheels and Tires
    • Tires
    • Wheels
    • Wheel Bearing
    • Wheel Hub
      • Axle Nut
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Wheel Stud / Lug Nut
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Towing Information
  • Service Intervals
    • Severe Service Defined
    • Routine Service
    • Normal Service
      • 5000 MI or 8000 KM
      • 7500 MI or 12000 KM
      • 10000 MI or 16000 KM
      • 15000 MI or 24000 KM
      • 20000 MI or 32000 KM
      • 22500 MI or 36000 KM
      • 25000 MI or 40000 KM
      • 30000 MI or 48000 KM
      • 35000 MI or 56000 KM
      • 37500 MI or 60000 KM
      • 40000 MI or 64000 KM
      • 45000 MI or 72000 KM
      • 50000 MI or 80000 KM
      • 52500 MI or 84000 KM
      • 55000 MI or 88000 KM
      • 60000 MI or 96000 KM
      • 65000 MI or 104000 KM
      • 67500 MI or 108000 KM
      • 70000 MI or 112000 KM
      • 75000 MI or 120000 KM
      • 80000 MI or 128000 KM
      • 82500 MI or 132000 KM
      • 85000 MI or 136000 KM
      • 90000 MI or 144000 KM
      • 95000 MI or 152000 KM
      • 97500 MI or 156000 KM
      • 100000 MI or 160000 KM
      • 105000 MI or 168000 KM
      • 110000 MI or 176000 KM
      • 112500 MI or 180000 KM
      • 115000 MI or 184000 KM
      • 120000 MI or 192000 KM
    • Severe Service
      • 3000 MI or 4800 KM
      • 6000 MI or 9600 KM
      • 9000 MI or 14400 KM
      • 12000 MI or 19200 KM
      • 15000 MI or 24000 KM
      • 18000 MI or 28800 KM
      • 21000 MI or 33600 KM
      • 24000 MI or 38400 KM
      • 27000 MI or 43200 KM
      • 30000 MI or 48000 KM
      • 33000 MI or 52800 KM
      • 36000 MI or 57600 KM
      • 39000 MI or 62400 KM
      • 42000 MI or 67200 KM
      • 45000 MI or 72000 KM
      • 48000 MI or 76800 KM
      • 51000 MI or 81600 KM
      • 54000 MI or 86400 KM
      • 57000 MI or 91200 KM
      • 60000 MI or 96000 KM
      • 63000 MI or 100800 KM
      • 66000 MI or 105600 KM
      • 69000 MI or 110400 KM
      • 72000 MI or 115200 KM
      • 75000 MI or 120000 KM
      • 78000 MI or 124800 KM
      • 81000 MI or 129600 KM
      • 84000 MI or 134400 KM
      • 87000 MI or 139200 KM
      • 90000 MI or 144000 KM
      • 93000 MI or 148800 KM
      • 96000 MI or 153600 KM
      • 99000 MI or 158400 KM
      • 102000 MI or 163200 KM
      • 105000 MI or 168000 KM
      • 108000 MI or 172800 KM
      • 111000 MI or 177600 KM
      • 114000 MI or 182400 KM
      • 117000 MI or 187200 KM
      • 120000 MI or 192000 KM
  • Technical Service Bulletins
• Engine, Cooling and Exhaust
  • Engine
    • Compression Check
    • Camshaft, Lifters and Push Rods
      • Camshaft Gear/Sprocket
      • Camshaft
      • Lifter / Lash Adjuster
      • Push Rod
      • Rocker Arm Assembly
    • Cylinder Block Assembly
      • Connecting Rod
      • Crankshaft Gear/Sprocket
      • Crankshaft
      • Engine Block Heater
      • Expansion/Freeze Plug
      • Harmonic Balancer - Crankshaft Pulley
      • Piston
      • Piston Pin
      • Piston Ring
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Cylinder Head Assembly
      • Valve Clearance
      • Cylinder Head Bolts
      • Pre-combustion Chamber
      • Rocker Arm Assembly
      • Valve Cover
      • Valve Guide
      • Valve Seat
      • Valve Spring
      • Valve
      • Service and Repair
      • Specifications
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Drive Belts, Mounts, Brackets and Accessories
      • Drive Belt
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Engine Lubrication
      • Engine Oil Dip Stick - Dip Stick Tube
      • Engine Oil
      • Oil Cooler
      • Oil Filter
      • Oil Level Warning Indicator
      • Oil Pan
      • Oil Pressure Gauge
      • Oil Pressure Sender
      • Oil Pressure Warning Lamp/Indicator
      • Oil Pump
      • Diagrams
      • Specifications
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Intake Manifold
    • Lamps and Indicators - Engine
      • Oil Level Warning Indicator
      • Oil Pressure Gauge
      • Oil Pressure Warning Lamp/Indicator
    • Seals and Gaskets
      • Rear Crankshaft Main Bearing Seal
      • Cylinder Head Gasket
      • Front Crankshaft Seal
      • Intake Manifold Gasket
    • Sensors and Switches - Engine
      • Oil Pressure Sender
    • Timing Components
      • Camshaft Gear/Sprocket
      • Crankshaft Gear/Sprocket
      • Timing Cover
    • Tune-up and Engine Performance Checks
      • Idle Speed
      • Air Cleaner Housing
        • Air Cleaner Fresh Air Duct/Hose
        • Air Filter Element
        • Technical Service Bulletins
      • Fuel Filter
      • Firing Order
      • Compression Check
      • Valve Clearance
      • Service Precautions
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Vacuum Pump
    • Water Pump
    • Application and ID
    • Service and Repair
    • Specifications
      • Mechanical Specifications
        • Head Torque Sequence
        • Intake Manifold
        • Torque Specifications
      • Pressure, Vacuum and Temperature Specifications
      • Fluid Type Specifications
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Cooling System
    • Coolant
    • Coolant Reservoir
    • Radiator Cooling Fan
      • Radiator Cooling Fan Temperature Sensor / Switch
      • Fan Blade
      • Fan Clutch
    • Engine - Coolant Temperature Sensor/Switch
      • Radiator Cooling Fan Temperature Sensor / Switch
      • Temperature Sensor (Gauge)
      • Temperature Switch (Warning Indicator)
    • Heater Core
    • Lamps and Indicators - Cooling System
      • Temperature Gauge
      • Temperature Warning Lamp/Indicator
    • Radiator
    • Radiator Cap
    • Sensors and Switches - Cooling System
      • Engine - Coolant Temperature Sensor/Switch
        • Radiator Cooling Fan Temperature Sensor / Switch
        • Temperature Sensor (Gauge)
        • Temperature Switch (Warning Indicator)
    • Temperature Gauge
    • Temperature Warning Lamp/Indicator
    • Thermostat
    • Thermostat Housing
    • Water Pump
    • Service Precautions
    • Description and Operation
    • Specifications
      • Capacity Specifications
      • Fluid Type Specifications
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Exhaust System
    • Exhaust Manifold
    • Muffler
    • Technical Service Bulletins
• Powertrain Management
  • Relays and Modules - Powertrain Management
    • Relays and Modules - Glow Plug System
      • Glow Plug Control Module
      • Glow Plug Relay
  • Sensors and Switches - Powertrain Management
    • Sensors and Switches - Computers and Control Systems
      • Engine Speed Sensor
    • Sensors and Switches - Fuel Delivery and Air Induction
      • Fuel Tank Selector Switch
    • Sensors and Switches - Ignition System
      • Ignition Switch
  • Tune-up and Engine Performance Checks
    • Idle Speed
    • Air Cleaner Housing
      • Air Cleaner Fresh Air Duct/Hose
      • Air Filter Element
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Fuel Filter
    • Firing Order
    • Compression Check
    • Valve Clearance
    • Service Precautions
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Computers and Control Systems
    • Engine Speed Sensor
    • Sensors and Switches - Computers and Control Systems
      • Engine Speed Sensor
    • Testing and Inspection
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Emission Control Systems
    • Air Injection
      • Air Injection Pump
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Positive Crankcase Ventilation
      • Crankcase Vent
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Fuel Delivery and Air Induction
    • Idle Speed
    • Injection Timing
    • Accelerator Pedal
    • Air Cleaner Housing
      • Air Cleaner Fresh Air Duct/Hose
      • Air Filter Element
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Diesel MFI Pump
      • Diesel MFI Pump Drive Gear
      • Service and Repair
        • Fuel Supply Pump Cam, Spacer & Thrust Plate Replace
        • Injection Pump Replace
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Fuel
    • Fuel Filler Cap
    • Fuel Filter
    • Fuel Heater
    • Fuel Hose Clamp
    • Fuel Injector
    • Fuel Pump
    • Fuel Return Line
    • Fuel Supply Line
    • Fuel Tank
      • Fuel Gauge Sender
      • Fuel Tank Selector Switch
      • Fuel Tank Shield
      • Fuel Tank Switching Valve
      • Specifications
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Fuel/Water Separator
    • Intake Air Duct
    • Nozzle Body (Dsl)
    • Sensors and Switches - Fuel Delivery and Air Induction
      • Fuel Tank Selector Switch
    • Throttle Cable/Linkage
    • Description and Operation
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Ignition System
    • Firing Order
    • Sensors and Switches - Ignition System
      • Ignition Switch
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Glow Plug System
    • Glow Plug
    • Glow Plug Control Module
    • Glow Plug Control Switch
    • Glow Plug Relay
    • Relays and Modules - Glow Plug System
      • Glow Plug Control Module
      • Glow Plug Relay
    • Sensors and Switches - Glow Plug System
      • Glow Plug Control Switch
    • Description and Operation
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Transmission Control Systems
    • Lamps and Indicators - Transmission and Drivetrain
      • Lamps and Indicators - A/T
        • Shift Indicator - A/T
      • Lamps and Indicators - Transfer Case
        • Four Wheel Drive Indicator Lamp
    • Testing and Inspection
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Application and ID
    • Engine Identification
    • Engine Systems Identification
  • Diagrams
    • Diagram Information and Instructions
      • Symbol Identification
      • Wire Color Code Identification
    • Electrical Diagrams
  • Technical Service Bulletins
• Transmission and Drivetrain
  • Automatic Transmission/Transaxle
    • Band
    • Case
    • Clutch
    • Extension Housing
    • Fluid - A/T
    • Fluid Pump
    • Lamps and Indicators - A/T
      • Shift Indicator - A/T
    • Park Gear
    • Parking Pawl
    • Seals and Gaskets
    • Shift Indicator - A/T
    • Throttle Valve Cable/Linkage
    • Transmission Cooler
    • Vacuum Diaphragm
    • Vacuum Regulator Valve
    • Valve Body
    • Diagrams
    • Specifications
      • A/T Torque Data
      • A/T Technical Data
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Clutch
    • Clutch Disc
    • Clutch Hydraulic System
      • Clutch Master Cylinder
      • Clutch Slave Cylinder
    • Clutch Pedal Assembly
    • Clutch Switch
    • Clutch Release Bearing
    • Pressure Plate
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Differential Assembly
    • Differential Carrier
      • Carrier Bearings
      • Carrier Side Gears
      • Testing and Inspection
        • Carrier Housing
        • Dana/Spicer Rear Drive Axles
        • Ford Drive Axle W/ Integral Carrier
      • Service and Repair
        • Removal
        • Disassembly
          • Differential Carrier
          • Drive Pinion and Bearing Retainer
          • Pilot Bearing
          • Pinion Bearing Cups
        • Assembly
          • Backlash & Differential Bearing Preload Adjustment
          • Differential Case
          • Drive Pinion and Bearing Retainer
          • Selecting Correct Pinion Shim
        • Installation
        • Dana/Spicer, Rear Axle - Assembly of Differential Into Housing
        • Ford Integral Carrier, Exc. 6.75" - Standard Differential
        • Ford Integral Carrier, 6.75" - Standard Differential
        • Ford Removable
    • Differential Case
    • Differential Axle Housing
    • Fluid - Differential
    • Pinion Bearing
    • Pinion Gear
    • Ring Gear
    • Description and Operation
      • Dana/Spicer Integral Housing Type
      • Ford Integral Carrier Type
      • Ford Removable Carrier Type
    • Service and Repair
      • Dana/Spicer Rear Drive Axles
        • Disassembly
        • Cleaning & Inspection
          • Bearing Cups
          • Carrier Housing
          • Companion Flange
          • Cone & Roller Assemblies
          • Differential Bearing Adjusters
          • Differential Case
          • Gears
          • General Information
          • Pinion Retainer
          • Ring Gear Runout
        • Differential Case Assembly
        • Final Assembly & Adjustments
          • Assembly of Differential Into Housing
          • Depth Gauge Check
          • Differential Case Assembly
          • Drive Pinion Depth of Mesh Setting
          • Pinion Bearing Cup Installation
          • Pinion Bearing Preload & Final Depth Check
      • Ford Drive Axle W/ Removable Carrier, Rear
        • Carrier Assembly Removal
        • Disassembly
          • Differential Carrier
          • Drive Pinion & Bearing Retainer
          • Pilot Bearing, Replace
          • Pinion Bearing Cups, Replace
        • Assembly
          • Backlash & Differential Bearing Preload Adjustment
          • Differential Case
          • Drive Pinion & Bearing Retainer
          • Selecting Correct Pinion Shim
        • Carrier Assembly Installation
      • Ford Integral Carrier, Clutch Type Trac-LOC, Rear
      • Ford Integral Carrier, Dana Powr-LOK, Rear
      • Ford Integral Carrier, Dana Trac-LOK, Rear
      • Ford Integral Carrier, Ford Trac-LOC, Rear
      • Ford Integral Carrier, Rear Axle
        • Axle Disassembly
        • Differential Overhaul
          • Clutch Type Traction-LOK Limited Slip
          • Dana Power-LOK
          • Dana Trac-LOK
          • Ford Traction-LOK Differential
          • Standard Differential, Exc. 6-3/4 Inch Ring Gear
          • 6-3/4 Inch Ring Gear Standard Differential
        • Final Assembly and Adjustment
      • Ford Removable Carrier
    • Specifications
      • Differential Technical Data
        • Dana Power LOK 70
        • Dana 61-1
        • Dana 70
        • Ford Traction LOK 8.8
        • Ford 8.8 Inch
      • Torque Specification
        • Ford 8.8 Inch
        • Ford Traction LOK 8.8
        • Dana 61-1
        • Dana 70
        • Dana Power LOK 70
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Drive Axles, Bearings and Joints
    • Axle Bearing
    • Axle Shaft Assembly
      • Axle Shaft
    • Seals and Gaskets
    • Wheel Bearing
    • Wheel Hub
      • Axle Nut
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Drive/Propeller Shafts, Bearings and Joints
    • Drive/Propeller Shaft
    • Slip Yoke
    • Universal Joint
    • Service Precautions
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Flex Plate
  • Flywheel
  • Lamps and Indicators - Transmission and Drivetrain
    • Lamps and Indicators - A/T
      • Shift Indicator - A/T
    • Lamps and Indicators - Transfer Case
      • Four Wheel Drive Indicator Lamp
  • Manual Transmission/Transaxle
    • Case
    • Counter Gear
    • Countershaft
    • Fluid - M/T
    • Flywheel Gear
    • Gear
      • Synchronizer Ring
    • Input Shaft
    • Output Shaft
    • Reverse Idler Gear
    • Shift Fork
    • Shifter M/T
    • Service and Repair
      • New Process (4-Speed Transmission)
      • Warner T-18/T-19 (4-Speed)
        • Removal and Installation
        • Disassemble
        • Assemble
    • Specifications
      • M/T Torque Data
        • Borg / Warner T18 4-SPD M/T
        • New Process 435 4-SPD M/T
      • M/T Technical Data
        • Borg / Warner T18 4-SPD M/T
        • New Process 435 4-SPD M/T
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Transfer Case
    • Fluid - Transfer Case
    • Four Wheel Drive Indicator Lamp
    • Gear
    • Lamps and Indicators - Transfer Case
      • Four Wheel Drive Indicator Lamp
    • Main Shaft
    • Shift Fork
    • Shifter Transfer Case
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Transmission Control Systems
    • Lamps and Indicators - Transmission and Drivetrain
      • Lamps and Indicators - A/T
        • Shift Indicator - A/T
      • Lamps and Indicators - Transfer Case
        • Four Wheel Drive Indicator Lamp
    • Testing and Inspection
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Tools and Equipment
• Brakes and Traction Control
  • Brake Bleeding
  • Disc Brake System
    • Brake Caliper
    • Brake Pad
    • Brake Rotor/Disc
    • Testing and Inspection
      • Inspection
      • Precautions
      • Service
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Drum Brake System
    • Brake Drum
    • Brake Shoe
    • Wheel Cylinder
    • Service and Repair
      • Installation
      • Removal
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Hydraulic System
    • Brake Bleeding
    • Brake Caliper
    • Brake Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch
    • Brake Proportioning/Combination Valve
    • Brake Master Cylinder
    • Wheel Cylinder
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Parking Brake System
    • Parking Brake Control
    • Description and Operation
  • Power Brake Assist
    • Vacuum Brake Booster
    • Vacuum Pump
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Sensors and Switches - Brakes and Traction Control
    • Brake Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch
  • Service Precautions
  • Description and Operation
    • Dual Piston Sliding Caliper
    • Single Piston Sliding Caliper
  • Testing and Inspection
    • Initial Inspection and Diagnostic Overview
    • Symptom Related Diagnostic Procedures
  • Diagrams
  • Technical Service Bulletins
• Starting and Charging
  • Sensors and Switches - Starting and Charging
    • Clutch Switch
    • Ignition Switch
    • Neutral Safety Switch
  • Relays and Modules - Starting and Charging
    • Starter Relay
  • Battery
  • Charging System
    • Alternator
      • Diode Trio
      • Rectifier Diode / Bridge
      • Stator
      • Testing and Inspection
        • General Information
        • Bench Tests
      • Diagrams
        • Diagram Information and Instructions
          • Symbol Identification
          • Wire Color Code Identification
        • Connector Views
        • Electrical Diagrams
      • Specifications
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Voltage Regulator
    • Testing and Inspection
      • Pinpoint Tests
        • A: Series With External Voltage Regulator (EVR)
          • A1 - Preliminary Checks
          • A2 - Base Voltage and No-Load Test
          • A3 - Load Test
          • A4 - Batt Drain With Key Off
          • A5 - EVR Drain Test
          • A6 - Under Voltage Test
          • A7 - Jumper Terminals A to F
          • A8 - Jumper Bat to Fld Terminals
          • A9 - Check Alternator Output
          • A10 - Check For Power at S and I Terminals
          • A11 - Check For Power to S Terminal
          • A12 - S Circuit Test
          • A13 - Alternator Stator Voltage Test
          • A14 - Over Voltage Test
          • A15 - Disconnect EVR
        • Charge Lamp System Test
      • Component Tests and General Diagnostics
        • Component Tests
          • Ammeter System Test
          • Base Voltage Test
          • Charge Indicator Lamp Test
          • Charging System Performance Test
          • Fuse Link Continuity Check
          • Regulator I and/or S Circuit Test
            • External Regulator Models With Warning Lamp
            • External Regulator Models With Ammeter
        • In-Vehicle Testing
          • Alternator No-Load Test
          • Drain Testing
          • Load Test
          • Over Voltage Test
          • Under Voltage Test
    • Diagrams
      • Diagram Information and Instructions
        • Symbol Identification
        • Wire Color Code Identification
      • Electrical Diagrams
  • Starting System
    • Clutch Switch
    • Ignition Lock
    • Ignition Switch
    • Neutral Safety Switch
    • Starter Motor
      • Starter Armature
      • Starter Brush
      • Testing and Inspection
        • Starter Load Test
        • Starter No-Load Test
      • Locations
      • Service and Repair
      • Specifications
        • Ford 4 Inch Diameter Starter Type
        • Ford 4 1/2 Inch Diameter Starter Type
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Starter Relay
    • Description and Operation
    • Testing and Inspection
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Power and Ground Distribution
    • Circuit Breaker
    • Diode
    • Fuse
    • Fuse Block
    • Fusible Link
    • Multiple Junction Connector
    • Power Protection Relay
    • Relays and Modules - Power and Ground Distribution
      • Power Protection Relay
    • Diagrams
      • Diagram Information and Instructions
        • Symbol Identification
        • Wire Color Code Identification
      • Electrical Diagrams
        • Charging System
        • Power Distribution
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Technical Service Bulletins
• Power and Ground Distribution
  • Circuit Breaker
  • Diode
  • Fuse
  • Fuse Block
  • Fusible Link
  • Multiple Junction Connector
  • Power Protection Relay
  • Relays and Modules - Power and Ground Distribution
    • Power Protection Relay
  • Diagrams
    • Diagram Information and Instructions
      • Symbol Identification
      • Wire Color Code Identification
    • Electrical Diagrams
      • Charging System
      • Power Distribution
  • Technical Service Bulletins
• Steering and Suspension
  • Alignment
  • Steering
    • Front Steering Knuckle
    • Power Steering
      • Power Steering Bleeding
      • Power Steering Fluid Reservoir
      • Power Steering Pump
    • Steering Column
    • Steering Gear
      • Sector Shaft
      • Description and Operation
        • Saginaw
        • Torsion Bar
      • Adjustments
        • Rotary Valve Centering Check
        • Steering Gear Adjustment
      • Service and Repair
        • Manual Steering
        • Power Steering
          • Removal and Installation
          • Disassembly
          • Assemble
          • Gear Housing, Replace
          • Piston and Ball Nut, Replace
          • Valve Housing, Replace
          • Worm & Valve Sleeve, Replace
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Testing and Inspection
      • Pump
        • Excessive Wheel Kickback or Loose Steering
        • External Oil Leaks
        • Hard Steering
        • Hard Steering When Parking
        • Momentary Increase In Effort
        • No Effort Required to Turn
        • Poor Return of Steering
        • Steering Gear Noise
        • Valve Squawk
        • Vehicle Leads to One Side
        • Wheel Surges or Jerks
      • Torsion Bar Gear
        • Binding or Poor Recovery
        • Erratic Steering
        • Hard Steering
        • Hard Steering While Turning or Parking
        • Hard Steering, Straight Ahead
        • Loose Steering
        • Loss of Power Assist
        • Noisy Pump
        • Poor Return of Steering Gear to Center
        • Steering Wheel Surge While Turning
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Suspension
    • Axle Beam
    • Ball Joint
    • Cross-Member
    • Front Steering Knuckle
    • King Pin
    • Radius Arm
      • Radius Arm Bushing
      • Service and Repair
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Spindle
    • Stabilizer Bar
    • Suspension Spring ( Coil / Leaf )
    • Suspension Strut / Shock Absorber
    • Wheel Bearing
    • Wheel Hub
      • Axle Nut
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Description and Operation
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Wheels and Tires
    • Tires
    • Wheels
    • Wheel Bearing
    • Wheel Hub
      • Axle Nut
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Wheel Stud / Lug Nut
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Technical Service Bulletins
• Heating and Air Conditioning
  • Air Conditioning Switch
  • Air Door
    • Air Door Cable
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Blower Motor
  • Blower Motor Resistor
  • Blower Motor Switch
  • Compressor HVAC
    • Compressor Clutch
    • Diagrams
      • Diagram Information and Instructions
        • Symbol Identification
        • Wire Color Code Identification
      • Electrical Diagrams
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Control Assembly
  • Coupler HVAC
    • A/C Coupler O-ring
    • A/C Coupler Spring
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Evaporator Case
  • Evaporator Core
  • Heater Core
  • Hose/Line HVAC
  • Refrigerant
  • Refrigerant Filter
  • Refrigerant Oil
  • Refrigerant Pressure Sensor / Switch
  • Sensors and Switches - HVAC
    • Air Conditioning Switch
    • Blower Motor Switch
    • Refrigerant Pressure Sensor / Switch
  • Vacuum Reservoir HVAC
  • Vacuum Solenoid Valve HVAC
  • Service Precautions
  • Service and Repair
    • Alternatives, Blends, and Drop-Ins (Other Than R-134a)
      • Advantages and Disadvantages
      • General Information
        • Chemical Compositon
        • Descriptions
        • Identifying Unique Fittings
      • General Retrofitting Guidelines
    • Continued Use of R-12 9 (Advantages and Disadvantage)
    • Laws and Regulations
      • EPA Significant New Alternative Policy (Snap)
      • EPA Statement on Drop In Refrigerants
      • Flammable Refrigerants
    • Retrofitting with R-134A
      • Advantages and Disadvantages
      • Retrofitting Guidelines
        • Minimum Requirements
        • Optional
      • Toxicity and Flammability
  • Diagrams
    • Diagram Information and Instructions
      • Symbol Identification
      • Wire Color Code Identification
    • Electrical Diagrams
    • Vacuum and Vapor Hose Diagrams
      • Air Conditioning/Heater
      • Vacuum Distribution
  • Specifications
  • Technical Service Bulletins
• Restraints and Safety Systems
  • Seat Belt Systems
    • Seat Belt
    • Seat Belt Buckle Switch
    • Seat Belt Latch
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Sensors and Switches - Restraints and Safety Systems
    • Seat Belt Buckle Switch
• Accessories and Optional Equipment
  • Antitheft and Alarm Systems
  • Driver/Vehicle Information Display
  • Radio, Stereo, and Compact Disc
    • Radio/Stereo
      • Radio/Stereo Noise Filter
      • Service and Repair
      • Diagrams
        • Diagram Information and Instructions
          • Symbol Identification
          • Wire Color Code Identification
        • Electrical Diagrams
          • Monaural System
          • Stereo
    • Tape Player
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Towing / Trailer System
    • Towing Information
    • Trailer Connector
    • Trailer Lighting Module
    • Trailer Lighting Relay
  • Trailer Connector
  • Technical Service Bulletins
• Body and Frame
  • Doors, Hood and Trunk
    • Doors
    • Hood
    • Locations
  • Firewall
  • Frame
    • Cross-Member
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Locks
    • Door Locks
    • Power Locks
      • Power Door Lock Actuator
      • Power Door Lock Switch
      • Diagrams
        • Diagram Information and Instructions
          • Symbol Identification
          • Wire Color Code Identification
        • Electrical Diagrams
      • Technical Service Bulletins
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Mirrors
    • Power Mirror Motor
    • Power Mirror Switch
    • Diagrams
      • Diagram Information and Instructions
        • Symbol Identification
        • Wire Color Code Identification
      • Electrical Diagrams
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Paint, Striping and Decals
    • Paint
  • Seats
    • Seat Back
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Sensors and Switches - Body and Frame
    • Power Door Lock Switch
    • Power Mirror Switch
  • Technical Service Bulletins
• Cruise Control
  • Brake Switch (Cruise Control)
  • Clutch Switch
  • Cruise Control Module
  • Cruise Control Servo
  • Cruise Control Servo Cable
  • Cruise Control Switch
  • Relays and Modules - Cruise Control
    • Cruise Control Module
  • Sensors and Switches - Cruise Control
    • Brake Switch (Cruise Control)
    • Clutch Switch
    • Cruise Control Switch
    • Vehicle Speed Sensor/Transducer - Cruise Control
  • Vacuum Pump
  • Vacuum Vent Valve
  • Vehicle Speed Sensor/Transducer - Cruise Control
  • Description and Operation
  • Testing and Inspection
    • Initial Inspection and Diagnostic Overview
    • Symptom Related Diagnostic Procedures
      • Less Resume
        • Speed Continuously Changes Up & Down
        • Speed Control Does Not Disengage When Brakes Are Applied
        • Speed Control Is Inoperative
        • Speed Control Operates But Doesn't Accel or Coast Down Properly
        • Speed Gradually Increases or Decreases After Speed Is Set
        • Speed Will Not Set In System
      • With Resume
        • Speed Continuously Changes Up & Down
        • Speed Control Does Not Disengage When Clutch Pedal Is Depressed
        • Speed Control Is Inoperative
        • Speed Control Operates But Doesn't Resume, Accel or Coast Down
        • Speed Control Operation Is Intermittent
        • Speed Control System Does Not Disengage When Brakes Are Applied
        • Speed Gradually Increases or Decreases After Speed Is Set
        • Speed Will Not Set In System
    • Component Tests and General Diagnostics
  • Adjustments
  • Diagrams
    • Diagram Information and Instructions
      • Symbol Identification
      • Wire Color Code Identification
    • Electrical Diagrams
    • Vacuum and Vapor Hose Diagrams
  • Technical Service Bulletins
• Instrument Panel, Gauges and Warning Indicators
  • Ammeter Gauge
  • Audible Warning Device
  • Cigarette Lighter
  • Clock
  • Door Switch
  • Driver/Vehicle Information Display
  • Four Wheel Drive Indicator Lamp
  • Fuel Gauge
  • Fuel Gauge Sender
  • Instrument Cluster / Carrier
  • Maintenance Required Lamp/Indicator
  • Odometer
  • Oil Level Warning Indicator
  • Oil Pressure Gauge
  • Oil Pressure Sender
  • Oil Pressure Warning Lamp/Indicator
  • Sensors and Switches - Instrument Panel
    • Door Switch
    • Fuel Gauge Sender
    • Temperature Switch (Warning Indicator)
  • Shift Indicator - A/T
  • Speedometer Cable
  • Speedometer Head
  • Tachometer
  • Temperature Gauge
  • Temperature Sensor (Gauge)
  • Temperature Switch (Warning Indicator)
  • Temperature Warning Lamp/Indicator
  • Volt Meter Gauge
  • Water In Fuel Indicator
  • Diagrams
    • Diagram Information and Instructions
      • Symbol Identification
      • Wire Color Code Identification
    • Electrical Diagrams
  • Technical Service Bulletins
• Lighting and Horns
  • Backup Lamp
  • Brake Lamp
  • Brake Light Switch
  • Clearance Lamp
  • Courtesy Lamp
  • Door Switch
  • Fog/Driving Lamp
    • Fog/Driving Lamp Relay
    • Fog/Driving Lamp Switch
  • Hazard Warning Lamps
    • Hazard Warning Switch
    • Diagrams
      • Diagram Information and Instructions
        • Symbol Identification
        • Wire Color Code Identification
      • Electrical Diagrams
  • Headlamp
    • Headlamp Control Module
    • Headlamp Dimmer Switch
    • Headlamp Switch
    • Diagrams
      • Diagram Information and Instructions
        • Symbol Identification
        • Wire Color Code Identification
      • Electrical Diagrams
  • Horn
    • Horn Relay
    • Horn Switch
    • Locations
    • Diagrams
      • Diagram Information and Instructions
        • Symbol Identification
        • Wire Color Code Identification
      • Electrical Diagrams
        • Less Speed Control
        • With Speed Control
  • Marker Lamp
  • Parking Lamp
  • Relays and Modules - Lighting and Horns
    • Fog/Driving Lamp Relay
    • Headlamp Control Module
    • Horn Relay
    • Trailer Lighting Relay
    • Trailer Lighting Module
  • Sensors and Switches - Lighting and Horns
    • Brake Light Switch
    • Door Switch
    • Fog/Driving Lamp Switch
    • Hazard Warning Switch
    • Headlamp Dimmer Switch
    • Headlamp Switch
    • Horn Switch
    • Turn Signal Switch
  • Trailer Lighting Relay
  • Trailer Lighting Module
  • Turn Signals
    • Turn Signal Flasher
    • Turn Signal Lamp
    • Turn Signal Switch
    • Diagrams
      • Diagram Information and Instructions
        • Symbol Identification
        • Wire Color Code Identification
      • Electrical Diagrams
  • Application and ID
  • Diagrams
    • Diagram Information and Instructions
      • Symbol Identification
      • Wire Color Code Identification
    • Electrical Diagrams
  • Technical Service Bulletins
• Windows and Glass
  • Heated Glass Element
    • Heated Glass Element Relay
  • Relays and Modules - Windows and Glass
    • Heated Glass Element Relay
    • Power Window Relay
  • Sensors and Switches - Windows and Glass
    • Power Window Safety Switch
    • Power Window Switch
  • Windows
    • Power Window Circuit Breaker
    • Power Window Motor
    • Power Window Relay
    • Power Window Safety Switch
    • Power Window Switch
    • Window Glass
    • Technical Service Bulletins
  • Windshield
  • Technical Service Bulletins
• Wiper and Washer Systems
  • Relays and Modules - Wiper and Washer Systems
    • Windshield Washer Relay
    • Wiper Control Module
    • Wiper Relay
  • Sensors and Switches - Wiper and Washer Systems
    • Washer Fluid Level Switch
    • Windshield Washer Switch
    • Wiper Switch
  • Washer Fluid Level Switch
  • Windshield Washer Motor
  • Windshield Washer Pump
  • Windshield Washer Relay
  • Windshield Washer Switch
  • Wiper Blade
  • Wiper Control Module
  • Wiper Gear Box
  • Wiper Motor
  • Wiper Motor Timer
  • Wiper Relay
  • Wiper Switch
  • Description and Operation
  • Testing and Inspection
    • Standard Wipers
    • Interval Wipers
  • Locations
  • Diagrams
    • Diagram Information and Instructions
      • Symbol Identification
      • Wire Color Code Identification
    • Electrical Diagrams
      • Front Wiper
      • Interval Wipers
  • Technical Service Bulletins
• Application and ID
• Locations
  • Component Locations
  • Connector Locations
  • Ground Locations
• Diagrams
  • Diagram Information and Instructions
    • Symbol Identification
    • Wire Color Code Identification
  • Connector Views
    • Alternator
    • Ignition Lock
  • Electrical Diagrams
    • Power and Ground Distribution
      • Charging System
      • Power Distribution
    • Battery
    • Charging System
      • System Diagram
      • Alternator
    • Cruise Control
      • System Diagram
      • Cruise Control Switch
    • Four Wheel Drive Indicator Lamp
    • Heating and Air Conditioning
      • System Diagram
      • Blower Motor
      • Compressor HVAC
    • Ignition Lock
    • Instrument Panel, Gauges and Warning Indicators
      • System Diagram
      • Cigarette Lighter
      • Clock
      • Driver/Vehicle Information Display
      • Fuel Gauge
      • Fuel Gauge Sender
      • Tachometer
      • Temperature Sensor (Gauge)
      • Water In Fuel Indicator
    • Lighting and Horns
      • System Diagram
      • Backup Lamp
      • Brake Lamp
      • Courtesy Lamp
      • Hazard Warning Lamps
        • System Diagram
        • Hazard Warning Switch
      • Headlamp
        • System Diagram
        • Headlamp Control Module
        • Headlamp Dimmer Switch
      • Horn
        • Less Speed Control
        • With Speed Control
      • Marker Lamp
        • Main Marker Lamps
        • Rear Bed Marker & Trailer Lamp Wiring Circuit
      • Parking Lamp
      • Trailer Lighting Module
      • Turn Signals
        • System Diagram
        • Turn Signal Lamp
        • Turn Signal Switch
    • Mirrors
      • System Diagram
      • Power Mirror Motor
      • Power Mirror Switch
    • Power Locks
      • System Diagram
      • Power Door Lock Actuator
      • Power Door Lock Switch
    • Power Window Circuit Breaker
    • Power Window Motor
    • Power Window Relay
    • Power Window Switch
    • Powertrain Management
    • Radio/Stereo
      • Monaural System
      • Stereo
    • Trailer Connector
    • Wiper and Washer Systems
      • System Diagram
        • Front Wiper
        • Interval Wipers
      • Windshield Washer Motor
        • Less Intermittent Wipers
        • With Intermittent Wipers
      • Windshield Washer Pump
        • Less Intermittent Wipers
        • With Intermittent Wipers
      • Windshield Washer Relay
        • Less Intermittent Wipers
        • With Intermittent Wipers
      • Windshield Washer Switch
        • Less Intermittent Wipers
        • With Intermittent Wipers
      • Wiper Motor
        • Less Intermittent Wipers
        • With Intermittent Wipers
      • Wiper Motor Timer
        • Less Intermittent Wipers
        • With Intermittent Wipers
      • Wiper Relay
        • Less Intermittent Wipers
        • With Intermittent Wipers
      • Wiper Switch
        • Less Intermittent Wipers
        • With Intermittent Wipers
  • Fluid Diagrams
    • Engine Lubrication
  • Vacuum and Vapor Hose Diagrams
    • Automatic Transmission/Transaxle
    • Brakes and Traction Control
    • Cruise Control
    • Heating and Air Conditioning
      • Air Conditioning/Heater
      • Vacuum Distribution
  • Connectors
  • Grounds
• Specifications
  • Electrical Specifications
    • Alternator
    • Battery
    • Starter Motor
      • Ford 4 Inch Diameter Starter Type
      • Ford 4 1/2 Inch Diameter Starter Type
    • Voltage Regulator
  • Mechanical Specifications
    • Alignment
      • Camber
      • Caster
    • Automatic Transmission/Transaxle
      • A/T Torque Data
      • A/T Technical Data
    • Battery
    • Brake Caliper
    • Brake Drum
    • Brake Rotor/Disc
    • Differential Assembly
      • Differential Technical Data
        • Dana Power LOK 70
        • Dana 61-1
        • Dana 70
        • Ford Traction LOK 8.8
        • Ford 8.8 Inch
      • Torque Specification
        • Ford 8.8 Inch
        • Ford Traction LOK 8.8
        • Dana 61-1
        • Dana 70
        • Dana Power LOK 70
    • Engine
      • System Specifications
        • Head Torque Sequence
        • Intake Manifold
        • Torque Specifications
      • Camshaft, Engine
      • Connecting Rod, Engine
      • Crankshaft, Engine
      • Cylinder Head Assembly
        • System Specifications
        • Rocker Arm Assembly
        • Valve Cover
        • Valve Guide
        • Valve Seat
        • Valve, Intake/Exhaust
      • Drive Belt
      • Harmonic Balancer - Crankshaft Pulley
      • Intake Manifold
      • Lifter / Lash Adjuster, Valve
      • Oil Pump, Engine
      • Piston Pin, Engine
      • Piston Ring, Engine
      • Piston, Engine
    • Exhaust Manifold
    • Firing Order
    • Flywheel
    • Manual Transmission/Transaxle
      • M/T Torque Data
        • Borg / Warner T18 4-SPD M/T
        • New Process 435 4-SPD M/T
      • M/T Technical Data
        • Borg / Warner T18 4-SPD M/T
        • New Process 435 4-SPD M/T
    • Radiator Cooling Fan Temperature Sensor / Switch
    • Wheel Stud / Lug Nut
      • Wheel Tightening Sequence
      • Wheel Tightening Torque
  • Pressure, Vacuum and Temperature Specifications
    • Engine
      • System Specifications
      • Compression Check
      • Engine Lubrication
    • Heating and Air Conditioning
    • Radiator Cap
  • Capacity Specifications
    • Cooling System
      • System Specifications
      • Coolant
    • Engine Oil
    • Fluid - A/T
      • Refill Capacity
      • Total Fill Capacity
    • Fluid - Differential
    • Fluid - M/T
    • Fuel Tank
    • Refrigerant
    • Refrigerant Oil
      • Complete System
      • Compressor
  • Fluid Type Specifications
    • Cooling System
      • System Specifications
      • Coolant
    • Engine
      • System Specifications
      • Engine Oil
    • Fluid - Differential
    • Refrigerant
    • Refrigerant Oil
• Technical Service Bulletins
• Diagnostic Trouble Codes